CT Protocols Final Exam

Somethings old, somethings new, somethings borrowed, everything easy...40 questions multiple choice. Click here and enjoy.

CT Physics final

Click here for the final

CT Physics Quiz--Due Wednesday, April 28

Follow this link for the CT Physics quiz.

It is 25 multiple choice questions.

Once you have answered all the questions, press grade and submit at the end to get your score. Scores will automatically be sent to my e-mail address.

CT Protocols Quiz

Answer the following questions by typing them into a word document and e-mailing them to ctprof09@gmail.com

CT Protocols

Multiple Choice

Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. The __________________ takes blood from the heart to the lungs.
a. superior vena cava
b. inferior vena cava
c. pulmonary vein
d. pulmonary artery


____ 2. The mitral valve separates:
a. the righ atrium from the left atrium

b. the right atrium from the right ventricle

c. the left atrium from the left ventricle

d. the left atrium form the pulmonary vein

____ 3. The coronary arteries are branches of the:
a. Aorta
b. Pulmonary Veins
c. Pulmonary Arteries
d. Superior Vena Cava


____ 4. If contrast is injected into the basilic vein, which chamber of the heart will it get to last?
a. Left ventricle

b. Right ventricle

c. Left Atrium

d. Right Atrium

____ 5. The electrical impulses that gives the heart its rhythm originate in the:
a. atrioventricular node
b. sinoatrial node
c. septoatrial node
d. sinoventricular node


____ 6. Classic Angiography has a spatial resolution in the range of:
a. 0.1-0.15 mm

b. 0.2-0.25 mm

c. 0.35-0.4 mm

d. 0.5 to 0.6 mm

 

7. The Cardiac CT scan image above was taken at the level of the bifurcation of the main pulmonary artery (MPA) into right pulmonary artery (RPA) and left pulmonary artery (LPA). The structures (AAo) and (DAo), seen as two contrast filled circles anteriorly and posteriorly are the _____________________________and the ________________________. Two oval-shaped radioluscent structures (1 and 2) seen between the LPA and RPA are the _________________________ filled with air.

8. Based on the cross-sectional image of the heart, was this slice taken above (superior) or below the level of the carina.

9. Based on the Fishman video “Cardiac CT: State of the Heart in 2009” where he discusses two main directions in which Cardiac CT is heading (about 2:40 in the video). What are the two main directions, which companies are doing what, which direction does he prefer and why? (5 points)

10. List and describe three procedures that are routinely performed with MDCT (5 points) (Make sure to describe them well enough to convince me that you know what they are).

CT Physics

The CT Physics Quiz is based on the PowerPoint Presentation below (also available here).
It covers Artifacts in CT, and Patient Dose.

CT Protocols

The CT Protocols Quiz 4 is taken from Appendix C of the textbook (starting at pg.503), and the video on cardiac imaging posted on April 15th (Cardiac CT: State of the heart 2009)

You will also have to know basic anatomy of the heart (see video below)

Cardiac CT: State of the Art in 2009

View the lecture below for Thursday, April 22nd.
Prepare your 10 questions and e-mail them to ctprof09@gmail.com just before teh start of class.

CT Physics

Artifacts in CT...go here

CT Dose Reduction Techniques...go here

CT Dose Reduction Techniques

See more presentations by jakey39 | Upload your own PowerPoint presentations

Dose Reduction in Diagnostic Radiology...go here

ARRT Content Specifications for CT Exam...go here

Dose in CT PowerPoint

MDCT/CTA of the Liver

Watch the video clips here:

CT Protocols Quiz 3

The deadline for this Quiz is Monday, April 12th at midnight. Type your answers in a word document (please make sure to save it in the old version of Word...with the doc extension after the file name, not the docx) and e-mail it to ctprof09@gmail.com

Questions from Part 1

1. When do we use CT in the evaluation of skeletal trauma? (Lit and describe 4 instances/situations...4 points)
2. Pertaining to CT angiograms on trauma patients what is a single phase examination, and what is a dual phase examination as it relates to administration of contrast. (1 point)
3. Regarding Kernels or reconstruction algorithms: which one provides improved edge enhancement, but increases the image noise? (1 point)
4. Volume rendering can be done with different opacities, what are the two types of V opacities mentioned in the lecture, and which one causes more artifacts? (1 point)
5. In the context of 3-D reconstruction of CT images what is disarticulation? (1 point)
6. What type and amount of contrast is used to distend the bladder for CT Cystoscopy? and what is the method of contrast administration? (1 point)

Questions from Part 2

1. List 6 indications for CT evaluation of pediatric trauma patients (3 points)
2. In the image below, what region of the scapula is fractured? (1 point)

Questions from Part 3

1. List 4 types of vascular injuries to the upper extremity, and describe them (tell me what they are in non-medical terms...4 points).
2. Outline the scan protocols for suspected vascular trauma that is shown in the presentation. (2 points)
3. What type of humeral fracture is shown in the image to the right? (1 point)
4. Based on the concluding remarks in part 3, when is CT most useful, and what are its advantages (3 points)

CT Artifacts

Here is a PDF document on CT Artifacts.

Answer the following questions based on material from the article.


CT artifacts originate from a range of sources.

Fill in the blanks for each of the different types of artifacts listed below (1-4):

1. ______________artifacts result from the physical processes involved in the acquisition of CT data.


2. Patient-based artifacts are caused by such factors as ___________________ or ________________.


3. Scanner-based artifacts result from ______________________.


4. Helical and multisection technique artifacts are produced by the ___________________.


5. What do the authors of the article consider to be the “most important factors in avoiding CT artifacts”.


6. What is the definition of the term artifact given by the author as it relates to CT?

7. List four methods/techniques used by CT equipment manufacturers to reduce beam hardening artifacts.

8. What is the best way to avoid partial volume artifacts?

9. What is milliamperage modulation, and why is it used?

10. What is cardiac gating (how does it work, and what does it do)?

Anatomy Slides

View the PowerPoint presentation "Anatomy of the Abdominal blood vessels" here

View the PowerPoint of "Vascular Anatomy" here

Spiral CT

Click link below for spiral ct handout.

Spiral CT link

Click link below for PowerPoint presentation on Spiral CT

PowerPoint


Click below for the PowerPoint on Detector Technology

Detectors Link

CT Protocols Update

The CT protocols course officially ends on April 23rd. There are only three more requirements left to be fulfilled. They are listed in numeric order below (in bold):

1. There is one more post that has to be added to your web log. This final post should expand several of the issues highlighted in the pdf file that is on your CD--titled "New Techniques in CT Angiography"

Your final post should explain each of the following: (use diagrams, pictures, and/or images to emphasize and illustrate your descriptions.)

A. What is the purpose of bolus tracking in contrast administration, and how does the method work?

B. What is Maximum Intensity Projection? Explain how it works, and provide images as examples of the technique.

C. What is Segmentation? Explain how it works, and provide images as examples of the technique.

The Web log is due on April 23rd. Once it is complete, send me an e-mail with the exact web address in the body of the e-mail. The subject of the e-mail should be "Web Log" (exactly that, and nothing else).

2. The final quiz will be administered on April 23rd and it is based on the two video clips on your CD.

3. A online practice quiz will be available on April 16th. It will be a combination of questions from the pdf file and the two video clips.

My wish is that you have developed an appreciation for the advances in Computed Tomography over the past 35 years–from the first-generation machine of the early days, to the 64 slice Multi-detector CT machines that are in routine use today. The scan parameters and techniques have changed, and so has the terminology of CT scanning. It is essential that you advance with the technology.

Thanks.

CT Protocols Practice Quiz

The next in-class quiz will be given on Thursday, April 9, 2009.

The questions will be presented in several formats: short answer, fill in the blanks, identification of anatomy, etc.

This practice quiz is a good indication of what to expect:

1. Regarding upper extremity trauma, in what areas or procedures does CT imaging improve on the capabilities of conventional radiography.

3. What is being demonstrated in the region circled below?

4. The image below was produced by a post-processing technique called ______________ rendering.



5. The image below shows a humeral CT scan of a pediatric patient. The fracture shown is in the region of the ______________ plate.



6. List six indications for CT evaluation of pediatric trauma patients.

7. What is an occult fracture?

8. What is an intra-articular fracture?

9. What result of patient trauma is being demonstrated in the image below?



10. Below, the arrow is pointing to a fracture of the ________________.



11. In musculoskeletal imaging MDCT has proven to be much more reliable at showing fractures than conventional radiography. Is this statement true or false? Give evidence from the presentation to justify your answer.

12. What are the consequences of an undiagnosed fracture?

13. List three reasons for CT examination of the tibial plateau?

14. The avulsion shown in the image below, is in the region of the tibial ______________.



15. What is the name of the major blood vessel shown in the CT angiogram?



16. The image below shows a fracture of the _______________.


17. There are two fractures shown in the image below, what are the specific anatomic regions where these fractures are located?


18. In the case of arterial injuries, what are the findings that are of interest to the radiologist based on CT angiogram studies.

19. Regarding CTA of the extremities, what are some of the pitfalls that may lead to sub-optimal studies?

20. Based on the statement below, what is meant by sensitivity and specificity when used in this context?

Spiral CT

The PowerPoint Presentation below may also be viewed here.

CT Physics Quiz 2

Is now available at this link.

Time 6:00 to 6:40 pm.

If it's late it does not count.

CT abdomen

Anatomy

CT Protocols--Web Log Assignment

The first series of posts to your web log should be made by March 11th.

1. Describe the various branches of the abdominal Aorta. Use labeled diagrams and/or animations along with your narrative.

2. Describe in detail blood circulation in the liver. Use diagrams, pictures and/or animations for emphasis.

3. Post at least 5 labeled cross-sectional CT images of the abdomen. The axial images should start at the level of the diaphragm and end at the level of the iliac crest.

Once you have finished your posts, send me an e-mail with the exact url (web address) for your blog.